X-Git-Url: https://wannabe.guru.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=logging_utils.py;h=fdbb7a3d48daecb4e3b81ed4aad4bf0e11a79241;hb=31c81f6539969a5eba864d3305f9fb7bf716a367;hp=278cbf0f14910e25af66e7852d51cb268eeea26c;hpb=5f75cf834725ac26b289cc5f157af0cb71cd5f0e;p=python_utils.git diff --git a/logging_utils.py b/logging_utils.py index 278cbf0..fdbb7a3 100644 --- a/logging_utils.py +++ b/logging_utils.py @@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import datetime import enum import io import logging -from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler, SysLogHandler import os -import pytz import random import sys -from typing import Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Optional +from logging.config import fileConfig +from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler, SysLogHandler +from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional +import pytz from overrides import overrides # This module is commonly used by others in here and should avoid @@ -22,9 +23,7 @@ from overrides import overrides import argparse_utils import config -cfg = config.add_commandline_args( - f'Logging ({__file__})', - 'Args related to logging') +cfg = config.add_commandline_args(f'Logging ({__file__})', 'Args related to logging') cfg.add_argument( '--logging_config_file', type=argparse_utils.valid_filename, @@ -44,14 +43,14 @@ cfg.add_argument( '--logging_format', type=str, default=None, - help='The format for lines logged via the logger module. See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#formatter-objects' + help='The format for lines logged via the logger module. See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#formatter-objects', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_date_format', type=str, default='%Y/%m/%dT%H:%M:%S.%f%z', metavar='DATEFMT', - help='The format of any dates in --logging_format.' + help='The format of any dates in --logging_format.', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_console', @@ -64,35 +63,55 @@ cfg.add_argument( type=str, default=None, metavar='FILENAME', - help='The filename of the logfile to write.' + help='The filename of the logfile to write.', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_filename_maxsize', type=int, - default=(1024*1024), + default=(1024 * 1024), metavar='#BYTES', - help='The maximum size (in bytes) to write to the logging_filename.' + help='The maximum size (in bytes) to write to the logging_filename.', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_filename_count', type=int, default=7, metavar='COUNT', - help='The number of logging_filename copies to keep before deleting.' + help='The number of logging_filename copies to keep before deleting.', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_syslog', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=False, - help='Should we log to localhost\'s syslog.' + help='Should we log to localhost\'s syslog.', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_syslog_facility', type=str, - default = 'USER', - choices=['NOTSET', 'AUTH', 'AUTH_PRIV', 'CRON', 'DAEMON', 'FTP', 'KERN', 'LPR', 'MAIL', 'NEWS', - 'SYSLOG', 'USER', 'UUCP', 'LOCAL0', 'LOCAL1', 'LOCAL2', 'LOCAL3', 'LOCAL4', 'LOCAL5', - 'LOCAL6', 'LOCAL7'], + default='USER', + choices=[ + 'NOTSET', + 'AUTH', + 'AUTH_PRIV', + 'CRON', + 'DAEMON', + 'FTP', + 'KERN', + 'LPR', + 'MAIL', + 'NEWS', + 'SYSLOG', + 'USER', + 'UUCP', + 'LOCAL0', + 'LOCAL1', + 'LOCAL2', + 'LOCAL3', + 'LOCAL4', + 'LOCAL5', + 'LOCAL6', + 'LOCAL7', + ], metavar='SYSLOG_FACILITY_LIST', help='The default syslog message facility identifier', ) @@ -100,79 +119,67 @@ cfg.add_argument( '--logging_debug_threads', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=False, - help='Should we prepend pid/tid data to all log messages?' + help='Should we prepend pid/tid data to all log messages?', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_debug_modules', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=False, - help='Should we prepend module/function data to all log messages?' + help='Should we prepend module/function data to all log messages?', ) cfg.add_argument( '--logging_info_is_print', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=False, - help='logging.info also prints to stdout.' + help='logging.info also prints to stdout.', ) cfg.add_argument( - '--logging_squelch_repeats_enabled', + '--logging_squelch_repeats', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=True, - help='Do we allow code to indicate that it wants to squelch repeated logging messages or should we always log?' + help='Do we allow code to indicate that it wants to squelch repeated logging messages or should we always log?', ) cfg.add_argument( - '--logging_probabilistically_enabled', + '--logging_probabilistically', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=True, - help='Do we allow probabilistic logging (for code that wants it) or should we always log?' + help='Do we allow probabilistic logging (for code that wants it) or should we always log?', ) # See also: OutputMultiplexer cfg.add_argument( '--logging_captures_prints', action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, default=False, - help='When calling print, also log.info automatically.' + help='When calling print, also log.info automatically.', ) cfg.add_argument( '--lmodule', type=str, metavar='=[,=...]', help=( - 'Allows per-scope logging levels which override the global level set with --logging-level.' + - 'Pass a space separated list of = where is one of: module, ' + - 'module:function, or :function and is a logging level (e.g. INFO, DEBUG...)' - ) + 'Allows per-scope logging levels which override the global level set with --logging-level.' + + 'Pass a space separated list of = where is one of: module, ' + + 'module:function, or :function and is a logging level (e.g. INFO, DEBUG...)' + ), +) +cfg.add_argument( + '--logging_clear_preexisting_handlers', + action=argparse_utils.ActionNoYes, + default=True, + help=( + 'Should logging code clear preexisting global logging handlers and thus insist that is ' + + 'alone can add handlers. Use this to work around annoying modules that insert global ' + + 'handlers with formats and logging levels you might now want. Caveat emptor, this may ' + + 'cause you to miss logging messages.' + ), ) - built_in_print = print - - -def function_identifier(f: Callable) -> str: - """ - Given a callable function, return a string that identifies it. - Usually that string is just __module__:__name__ but there's a - corner case: when __module__ is __main__ (i.e. the callable is - defined in the same module as __main__). In this case, - f.__module__ returns "__main__" instead of the file that it is - defined in. Work around this using pathlib.Path (see below). - - >>> function_identifier(function_identifier) - 'logging_utils:function_identifier' - - """ - if f.__module__ == '__main__': - from pathlib import Path - import __main__ - module = __main__.__file__ - module = Path(module).stem - return f'{module}:{f.__name__}' - else: - return f'{f.__module__}:{f.__name__}' +logging_initialized = False # A map from logging_callsite_id -> count of logged messages. -squelched_logging_counts: Mapping[str, int] = {} +squelched_logging_counts: Dict[str, int] = {} def squelch_repeated_log_messages(squelch_after_n_repeats: int) -> Callable: @@ -188,10 +195,14 @@ def squelch_repeated_log_messages(squelch_after_n_repeats: int) -> Callable: string), the messages are considered to be different. """ + def squelch_logging_wrapper(f: Callable): - identifier = function_identifier(f) + import function_utils + + identifier = function_utils.function_identifier(f) squelched_logging_counts[identifier] = squelch_after_n_repeats return f + return squelch_logging_wrapper @@ -203,11 +214,16 @@ class SquelchRepeatedMessagesFilter(logging.Filter): This filter only affects logging messages that repeat more than a threshold number of times from functions that are tagged with - the @logging_utils.squelched_logging_ok decorator. + the @logging_utils.squelched_logging_ok decorator; others are + ignored. + + This functionality is enabled by default but can be disabled via + the --no_logging_squelch_repeats commandline flag. """ + def __init__(self) -> None: - self.counters = collections.Counter() + self.counters: collections.Counter = collections.Counter() super().__init__() @overrides @@ -223,28 +239,27 @@ class SquelchRepeatedMessagesFilter(logging.Filter): class DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter(logging.Filter): - """Only interested in seeing logging messages from an allow list of - module names or module:function names. Block others. + """This filter only allows logging messages from an allow list of + module names or module:function names. Blocks others. """ + @staticmethod def level_name_to_level(name: str) -> int: - numeric_level = getattr( - logging, - name, - None - ) + numeric_level = getattr(logging, name, None) if not isinstance(numeric_level, int): - raise ValueError('Invalid level: {name}') + raise ValueError(f'Invalid level: {name}') return numeric_level def __init__( - self, - default_logging_level: int, - per_scope_logging_levels: str, + self, + default_logging_level: int, + per_scope_logging_levels: str, ) -> None: super().__init__() - self.valid_levels = set(['NOTSET', 'DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL']) + self.valid_levels = set( + ['NOTSET', 'DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL'] + ) self.default_logging_level = default_logging_level self.level_by_scope = {} if per_scope_logging_levels is not None: @@ -252,7 +267,7 @@ class DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter(logging.Filter): if '=' not in chunk: print( f'Malformed lmodule directive: "{chunk}", missing "=". Ignored.', - file=sys.stderr + file=sys.stderr, ) continue try: @@ -260,7 +275,7 @@ class DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter(logging.Filter): except ValueError: print( f'Malformed lmodule directive: "{chunk}". Ignored.', - file=sys.stderr + file=sys.stderr, ) continue scope = scope.strip() @@ -268,14 +283,12 @@ class DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter(logging.Filter): if level not in self.valid_levels: print( f'Malformed lmodule directive: "{chunk}", bad level. Ignored.', - file=sys.stderr + file=sys.stderr, ) continue - self.level_by_scope[scope] = ( - DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter.level_name_to_level( - level - ) - ) + self.level_by_scope[ + scope + ] = DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter.level_name_to_level(level) @overrides def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool: @@ -283,9 +296,9 @@ class DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter(logging.Filter): if len(self.level_by_scope) > 0: min_level = None for scope in ( - record.module, - f'{record.module}:{record.funcName}', - f':{record.funcName}' + record.module, + f'{record.module}:{record.funcName}', + f':{record.funcName}', ): level = self.level_by_scope.get(scope, None) if level is not None: @@ -301,7 +314,7 @@ class DynamicPerScopeLoggingLevelFilter(logging.Filter): # A map from function_identifier -> probability of logging (0.0%..100.0%) -probabilistic_logging_levels: Mapping[str, float] = {} +probabilistic_logging_levels: Dict[str, float] = {} def logging_is_probabilistic(probability_of_logging: float) -> Callable: @@ -311,13 +324,21 @@ def logging_is_probabilistic(probability_of_logging: float) -> Callable: (i.e. they do not always unconditionally log) but rather are probabilistic (i.e. they log N% of the time randomly). + Note that this functionality can be disabled (forcing all logged + messages to produce output) via the --no_logging_probabilistically + cmdline argument. + This affects *ALL* logging statements within the marked function. """ + def probabilistic_logging_wrapper(f: Callable): - identifier = function_identifier(f) + import function_utils + + identifier = function_utils.function_identifier(f) probabilistic_logging_levels[identifier] = probability_of_logging return f + return probabilistic_logging_wrapper @@ -330,6 +351,7 @@ class ProbabilisticFilter(logging.Filter): been tagged with the @logging_utils.probabilistic_logging decorator. """ + @overrides def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool: id1 = f'{record.module}:{record.funcName}' @@ -347,6 +369,7 @@ class OnlyInfoFilter(logging.Filter): stdout handler. """ + @overrides def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord): return record.levelno == logging.INFO @@ -354,10 +377,12 @@ class OnlyInfoFilter(logging.Filter): class MillisecondAwareFormatter(logging.Formatter): """ - A formatter for adding milliseconds to log messages. + A formatter for adding milliseconds to log messages which, for + whatever reason, the default python logger doesn't do. """ - converter = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp + + converter = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp # type: ignore @overrides def formatTime(self, record, datefmt=None): @@ -372,22 +397,98 @@ class MillisecondAwareFormatter(logging.Formatter): return s +def log_about_logging( + logger, default_logging_level, preexisting_handlers_count, fmt, facility_name +): + level_name = logging._levelToName.get( + default_logging_level, str(default_logging_level) + ) + logger.debug(f'Initialized global logging; default logging level is {level_name}.') + if ( + config.config['logging_clear_preexisting_handlers'] + and preexisting_handlers_count > 0 + ): + msg = f'Logging cleared {preexisting_handlers_count} global handlers (--logging_clear_preexisting_handlers)' + logger.warning(msg) + logger.debug(f'Logging format specification is "{fmt}"') + if config.config['logging_debug_threads']: + logger.debug( + '...Logging format spec captures tid/pid (--logging_debug_threads)' + ) + if config.config['logging_debug_modules']: + logger.debug( + '...Logging format spec captures files/functions/lineno (--logging_debug_modules)' + ) + if config.config['logging_syslog']: + logger.debug( + f'Logging to syslog as {facility_name} with priority mapping based on level' + ) + if config.config['logging_filename']: + logger.debug(f'Logging to filename {config.config["logging_filename"]}') + logger.debug( + f'...with {config.config["logging_filename_maxsize"]} bytes max file size.' + ) + logger.debug( + f'...and {config.config["logging_filename_count"]} rotating backup file count.' + ) + if config.config['logging_console']: + logger.debug('Logging to the console (stderr).') + if config.config['logging_info_is_print']: + logger.debug( + 'Logging logger.info messages will be repeated on stdout (--logging_info_is_print)' + ) + if config.config['logging_squelch_repeats']: + logger.debug( + 'Logging code allowed to request repeated messages be squelched (--logging_squelch_repeats)' + ) + else: + logger.debug( + 'Logging code forbidden to request messages be squelched; all messages logged (--no_logging_squelch_repeats)' + ) + if config.config['logging_probabilistically']: + logger.debug( + 'Logging code is allowed to request probabilistic logging (--logging_probabilistically)' + ) + else: + logger.debug( + 'Logging code is forbidden to request probabilistic logging; messages always logged (--no_logging_probabilistically)' + ) + if config.config['lmodule']: + logger.debug( + f'Logging dynamic per-module logging enabled (--lmodule={config.config["lmodule"]})' + ) + if config.config['logging_captures_prints']: + logger.debug( + 'Logging will capture printed data as logger.info messages (--logging_captures_prints)' + ) + + def initialize_logging(logger=None) -> logging.Logger: - assert config.has_been_parsed() + global logging_initialized + if logging_initialized: + return logging.getLogger() + logging_initialized = True + if logger is None: - logger = logging.getLogger() # Root logger + logger = logging.getLogger() + + preexisting_handlers_count = 0 + assert config.has_been_parsed() + if config.config['logging_clear_preexisting_handlers']: + while logger.hasHandlers(): + logger.removeHandler(logger.handlers[0]) + preexisting_handlers_count += 1 if config.config['logging_config_file'] is not None: - logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf') + fileConfig(config.config['logging_config_file']) return logger - handlers = [] + handlers: List[logging.Handler] = [] + handler: Optional[logging.Handler] = None # Global default logging level (--logging_level) default_logging_level = getattr( - logging, - config.config['logging_level'].upper(), - None + logging, config.config['logging_level'].upper(), None ) if not isinstance(default_logging_level, int): raise ValueError('Invalid level: %s' % config.config['logging_level']) @@ -399,18 +500,19 @@ def initialize_logging(logger=None) -> logging.Logger: fmt = '%(levelname).1s:%(filename)s[%(process)d]: %(message)s' else: fmt = '%(levelname).1s:%(asctime)s: %(message)s' - if config.config['logging_debug_threads']: fmt = f'%(process)d.%(thread)d|{fmt}' if config.config['logging_debug_modules']: fmt = f'%(filename)s:%(funcName)s:%(lineno)s|{fmt}' + facility_name = None if config.config['logging_syslog']: if sys.platform not in ('win32', 'cygwin'): if config.config['logging_syslog_facility']: facility_name = 'LOG_' + config.config['logging_syslog_facility'] - facility = SysLogHandler.__dict__.get(facility_name, SysLogHandler.LOG_USER) - handler = SysLogHandler(facility=SysLogHandler.LOG_CRON, address='/dev/log') + facility = SysLogHandler.__dict__.get(facility_name, SysLogHandler.LOG_USER) # type: ignore + assert facility + handler = SysLogHandler(facility=facility, address='/dev/log') handler.setFormatter( MillisecondAwareFormatter( fmt=fmt, @@ -422,8 +524,8 @@ def initialize_logging(logger=None) -> logging.Logger: if config.config['logging_filename']: handler = RotatingFileHandler( config.config['logging_filename'], - maxBytes = config.config['logging_filename_maxsize'], - backupCount = config.config['logging_filename_count'], + maxBytes=config.config['logging_filename_maxsize'], + backupCount=config.config['logging_filename_count'], ) handler.setFormatter( MillisecondAwareFormatter( @@ -454,11 +556,11 @@ def initialize_logging(logger=None) -> logging.Logger: handler.addFilter(OnlyInfoFilter()) logger.addHandler(handler) - if config.config['logging_squelch_repeats_enabled']: + if config.config['logging_squelch_repeats']: for handler in handlers: handler.addFilter(SquelchRepeatedMessagesFilter()) - if config.config['logging_probabilistically_enabled']: + if config.config['logging_probabilistically']: for handler in handlers: handler.addFilter(ProbabilisticFilter()) @@ -473,8 +575,8 @@ def initialize_logging(logger=None) -> logging.Logger: logger.propagate = False if config.config['logging_captures_prints']: - import builtins global built_in_print + import builtins def print_and_also_log(*arg, **kwarg): f = kwarg.get('file', None) @@ -483,8 +585,18 @@ def initialize_logging(logger=None) -> logging.Logger: else: logger.info(*arg) built_in_print(*arg, **kwarg) + builtins.print = print_and_also_log + # At this point the logger is ready, handlers are set up, + # etc... so log about the logging configuration. + log_about_logging( + logger, + default_logging_level, + preexisting_handlers_count, + fmt, + facility_name, + ) return logger @@ -494,10 +606,14 @@ def get_logger(name: str = ""): def tprint(*args, **kwargs) -> None: - """Legacy function for printing a message augmented with thread id.""" + """Legacy function for printing a message augmented with thread id + still needed by some code. Please use --logging_debug_threads in + new code. + """ if config.config['logging_debug_threads']: from thread_utils import current_thread_id + print(f'{current_thread_id()}', end="") print(*args, **kwargs) else: @@ -505,8 +621,11 @@ def tprint(*args, **kwargs) -> None: def dprint(*args, **kwargs) -> None: - """Legacy function used to print to stderr.""" + """Legacy function used to print to stderr still needed by some code. + Please just use normal logging with --logging_console which + accomplishes the same thing in new code. + """ print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs) @@ -514,53 +633,56 @@ class OutputMultiplexer(object): """ A class that broadcasts printed messages to several sinks (including various logging levels, different files, different file handles, - the house log, etc...) + the house log, etc...). See also OutputMultiplexerContext for an + easy usage pattern. """ + class Destination(enum.IntEnum): """Bits in the destination_bitv bitvector. Used to indicate the output destination.""" - LOG_DEBUG = 0x01 # ⎫ - LOG_INFO = 0x02 # ⎪ - LOG_WARNING = 0x04 # ⎬ Must provide logger to the c'tor. - LOG_ERROR = 0x08 # ⎪ - LOG_CRITICAL = 0x10 # ⎭ - FILENAMES = 0x20 # Must provide a filename to the c'tor. - FILEHANDLES = 0x40 # Must provide a handle to the c'tor. + + # fmt: off + LOG_DEBUG = 0x01 # ⎫ + LOG_INFO = 0x02 # ⎪ + LOG_WARNING = 0x04 # ⎬ Must provide logger to the c'tor. + LOG_ERROR = 0x08 # ⎪ + LOG_CRITICAL = 0x10 # ⎭ + FILENAMES = 0x20 # Must provide a filename to the c'tor. + FILEHANDLES = 0x40 # Must provide a handle to the c'tor. HLOG = 0x80 ALL_LOG_DESTINATIONS = ( LOG_DEBUG | LOG_INFO | LOG_WARNING | LOG_ERROR | LOG_CRITICAL ) ALL_OUTPUT_DESTINATIONS = 0x8F + # fmt: on - def __init__(self, - destination_bitv: int, - *, - logger=None, - filenames: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None, - handles: Optional[Iterable[io.TextIOWrapper]] = None): + def __init__( + self, + destination_bitv: int, + *, + logger=None, + filenames: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None, + handles: Optional[Iterable[io.TextIOWrapper]] = None, + ): if logger is None: logger = logging.getLogger(None) self.logger = logger + self.f: Optional[List[Any]] = None if filenames is not None: - self.f = [ - open(filename, 'wb', buffering=0) for filename in filenames - ] + self.f = [open(filename, 'wb', buffering=0) for filename in filenames] else: - if destination_bitv & OutputMultiplexer.FILENAMES: - raise ValueError( - "Filenames argument is required if bitv & FILENAMES" - ) + if destination_bitv & OutputMultiplexer.Destination.FILENAMES: + raise ValueError("Filenames argument is required if bitv & FILENAMES") self.f = None + self.h: Optional[List[Any]] = None if handles is not None: self.h = [handle for handle in handles] else: if destination_bitv & OutputMultiplexer.Destination.FILEHANDLES: - raise ValueError( - "Handle argument is required if bitv & FILEHANDLES" - ) + raise ValueError("Handle argument is required if bitv & FILEHANDLES") self.h = None self.set_destination_bitv(destination_bitv) @@ -570,17 +692,14 @@ class OutputMultiplexer(object): def set_destination_bitv(self, destination_bitv: int): if destination_bitv & self.Destination.FILENAMES and self.f is None: - raise ValueError( - "Filename argument is required if bitv & FILENAMES" - ) + raise ValueError("Filename argument is required if bitv & FILENAMES") if destination_bitv & self.Destination.FILEHANDLES and self.h is None: - raise ValueError( - "Handle argument is required if bitv & FILEHANDLES" - ) + raise ValueError("Handle argument is required if bitv & FILEHANDLES") self.destination_bitv = destination_bitv def print(self, *args, **kwargs): from string_utils import sprintf, strip_escape_sequences + end = kwargs.pop("end", None) if end is not None: if not isinstance(end, str): @@ -598,18 +717,12 @@ class OutputMultiplexer(object): end = "\n" if end == '\n': buf += '\n' - if ( - self.destination_bitv & self.Destination.FILENAMES and - self.f is not None - ): + if self.destination_bitv & self.Destination.FILENAMES and self.f is not None: for _ in self.f: _.write(buf.encode('utf-8')) _.flush() - if ( - self.destination_bitv & self.Destination.FILEHANDLES and - self.h is not None - ): + if self.destination_bitv & self.Destination.FILEHANDLES and self.h is not None: for _ in self.h: _.write(buf) _.flush() @@ -650,17 +763,21 @@ class OutputMultiplexerContext(OutputMultiplexer, contextlib.ContextDecorator): mplex.print("This is a log message!") """ - def __init__(self, - destination_bitv: OutputMultiplexer.Destination, - *, - logger = None, - filenames = None, - handles = None): + + def __init__( + self, + destination_bitv: OutputMultiplexer.Destination, + *, + logger=None, + filenames=None, + handles=None, + ): super().__init__( destination_bitv, logger=logger, filenames=filenames, - handles=handles) + handles=handles, + ) def __enter__(self): return self @@ -673,12 +790,18 @@ class OutputMultiplexerContext(OutputMultiplexer, contextlib.ContextDecorator): def hlog(message: str) -> None: - """Write a message to the house log.""" + """Write a message to the house log (syslog facility local7 priority + info) by calling /usr/bin/logger. This is pretty hacky but used + by a bunch of code. Another way to do this would be to use + --logging_syslog and --logging_syslog_facility but I can't + actually say that's easier. + """ message = message.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") os.system(f"/usr/bin/logger -p local7.info -- '{message}'") if __name__ == '__main__': import doctest + doctest.testmod()